I figure that Cal Rogers (above) was feeling pretty confident on the morning of Saturday, 23 September, 1911. This morning he had received word that one of his competitors, Jimmy Ward, had dropped out of the “Hearst Coast-to-Coast Race” after crashing (yet again!) 5 miles outside of Addison, New York. Cal already knew that his other competitor, Bob Fowler had failed on his third attempt to get over the Sierra Nevada Mountains, finally cracking up near the summit at Donner Pass, and reducing his Cole Flyer to kindling and canvas. That left just himself, Cal Rogers, the six foot four inch deaf adventurer from Pittsburgh in the running for the $50,000.00 first place prize.
Of course, Cal still had to get to California within the time limit. He was barely a tenth of the way across the continent now, and he had already crashed three times. This should not have been surprising since had been a pilot for all of four months. He had less than 60 hours of flying experience. He knew little to nothing about navigation by air, and there was no one to teach him. In short, Cal was at the very edge of human experience in flight, both physically and mechanically.
The Wright engine (above) on his “Vin Fiz Flyer" had no throttle. The 4 cylinder engine was either on or off, at full power or at zero. The pilot had only one way to alter his speed, other than turning the engine on and off, and that was to “advance the spark”, meaning to alter the instant in the compression cycle when the spark plug fired. In a modern internal combustion engine of the 1920's this would be controlled mechanically. But in the Wright engine of 1911 it was done by physically unscrewing one or two of the spark plugs a fraction of turn into or out of the cylinder by hand. The engines' designer and builder, Charlie Taylor, had taken a leave of absence from the Wright workshop in Ohio to accompany the "Vin Fiz Flyer" across the country. And with all the other pressing work on Charley's calendar, this was the best and simplest meathod for controlling speed that Charlie had come with so far.
It took two days to repair the Vin Fiz after the crash at Middletown, New York on 17 September. So Cal did not return to the race until Thursday, 21 September, 1911. His first leg that day was to be a hop to Hancock, New York, 40 miles east of Binghamton. But half way there Cal noticed his radiator had sprung a leak. He kept an eye on the precious water dripping out of his engine and then, just as he was over the town - POP! - a spark plug flew out of engine. Unscrewing the spark plug to adjust the speed evidently also made the plug prone to vibrating itself right out of the engine.
In an instant, the 4 cylinder Wright engine lost 25% of its power, and the plane had precious little to spare. Cal suddenly found himself plummeting for the ground. He managed to steer for an open field, pulling the "Vin Fiz's" nose up at the last second to make a cash landing. But it was still a crash. Again, there was nothing to do but wait for the his service train, the "Vin Fiz Special".
The next two weeks would prove to be difficult, as California receded farther and farther away in distance and in time. While making a normal landing at Binghamton, New York, Cal would later say, “…There was a snap of breaking timber and my right skid had gone". The broken skid was easily replaced over night, from the supplies carried on board the rolling repair shop in the Vin Fiz Special's hanger car. Directly behind was the Pullman car, carrying Cal’s wife Mable Mae, and his mother Maude (nee Rodgers) Sweitzer - for the time being.
Cal's mother, Maude (nee Rodgers) Sweitzer was there to support her son, but her presence also gave solidarity to her second husband, Henrey Sweitzer's divorce suit. In July Henrey had charged Maude with "cruel and barbarous treatment and indignities...and desertion without cause". Henrey might have named Cal at the co-respondent in the divorce, since it seemed Maude had abandoned her wealthy second husband for her son....her married son. Whose wife was sharing the Pullman car with her. Also sleeping onboard the Pullman was chief mechanic Charley Tailor. and a rotating collection of Hearst reporters and photographers. The second mechanic, Charles (Wiggie) Wiggen, and three assistant mechanics all slept in the repair car.
With such generous support, Cal was airborne again on Friday morning 22 September, 1911. But that afternoon, as Cal attempted a landing at Elmira, New York, he snagged some telegraph wires. More repairs were required. As Cal traversed the border lands between Pennsylvania and western New York State, he hit a patch of good weather and made up some time, at least until late on Sunday afternoon of 24 September. Just after Cal had taken off from Salamanca, high up on the Allegheny River, another spark plug vibrated its way out of the Wright engine. This time Cal coolly reached behind his back, grabbed the hot plug in his glove just before it popped completely out. He twisted it back into the cylinder and held it in place as he made a perfect landing (with one hand) on the Seneca Indian reservation near where the Red House river joined the Allegheny.
Cal now screwed the spark plug firmly back in and, with help of a couple of Senaca Indianas turned the plane around for take off. But he couldn’t work up enough speed and had to abort. He tried again, but the second attempt also failed to get airborne. Each time the two helpful locals had tried to warn Cal that he was aiming at a barbed wire fence. But either because he didn’t understand what they were saying (he was deaf,) or because he was in such a rush, Cal ignored their warnings and the third time proved to be the charm. Cal taxied directly into the barbed wire fence, ripping the fabric covering the right wing to shreds, and wrapping the prickly barbed wire around the frame. It would take two days to free the “Vin Fiz Flyer” to soar yet again.
Cal was back in the air on Wednesday, 27 September , and had safe landings all that day and the next. But on Friday, 29 September he was grounded by bad weather. Still, Saturday, 30 September saw him break out of the Alleghenies and enter the rolling farm lands of the old Middle West. The "Vin Fiz" covered an impressive 200 miles on 30 September, but that was still 50 miles short of the distance he had intended to average. He would have gone further but a clogged fuel line forced him down late in the day near Akron, Ohio. Cal spent that night fending off curious cows who seemed determined to crush his fragile airplane under their big fat hooves. Or maybe they were just looking to catch a flight to some place more respectful of vegetarians.
On Sunday, the first day of October, 1911, Cal stopped at first Mansfield and then Marion, Ohio, before being forced down by another clogged fuel line at Rivare, Indiana, just over the state line. Under threatening skies Cal cleared the fuel line and took off again, only to fly directly into a thunderstorm - the first pilot to ever do so. As lightning snapped around his plane, Cal was the first pilot to experience downdrafts and wind shear, and as quickly as he could, Cal landed the "Vin Fiz" again, in the tiny Hoosier town of Geneva. As soon as the weather cleared he flew on to Huntington, Indiana, where he was met by an enthusiastic crowd.
The next morning, Monday, 2 October, the winds were still gusting and again Cal had a hard time working up speed on his 35 horsepower Wright engine. Just as he felt his skids leave the ground he realized he was heading for a crowd of people.
Cal yanked the stick to the left, passed under telegraph wires, and bounced his left wing off the ground. Cal was thrown out of his seat and scrapped his forehead. The left wing of the “Vin Fizz” was crumpled and folded up. But the “lucky” bottle of soda dangling from the strut was unbroken, yet again. Or so said the Vin Fiz publicity agents. It would take two days to repair the “Vin Fiz”, essentially its third complete rebuild since starting the race.
Finally, in desperation, on Saturday, 7 October, 1911, Cal loaded the “Vin Fiz” aboard his train and moved it to the village of Lansing, Illinois, where he found a fallow field with a wind break. This allowed him to finally take off again. As his journey westward by rail had not moved him closer to Chicago, technically, he had not advanced his position in the race. Or so said the Fin Fiz spin doctors.
Cal Rogers finally reached the air field in Cicero, Illinois, on the west side of Chicago, on the Sunday afternoon of 8 October. This was near where, at the air show in Grant Park on the lake shore just two months before, Cal had made his public debut as a pilot. By the rules, Cal now had less than two weeks to fly the remaining 3,000 miles across the Mississippi, the Kansas and Nebraska flat lands, the Rocky Mountains, the Great American desert and then the Sierra Nevada mountains. Cal Rogers was the only man still in the race, but he was running out of time.
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